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Study of surface modifications of boron doped diamond electrode for voltammetric detection of dopamine and serotonin
Eremina, Anna ; Schwarzová, Karolina (advisor) ; Dejmková, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals withthe studyof electrochemical behaviorand detection of two structurally different neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), in solutions commonly used for neuron cultivation, namely Neurobasal (NB), NB with phenol red and in phosphate buffer (PB) of a pH close to the physiological value. An electrode based on boron-doped diamondwas used for the study, examiningtwo types of surfaces obtained after oxidation (O-BDD) and mechanical polishing (p-BDD). The results were obtained by two voltametric techniques,namely cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry.The studyrevealedthat DA oxidationis a quasi-reversible process,whereas 5-HT oxidizes irreversibly on O-BDD and p-BDD. Nevertheless, for both neurotransmitters their anodic oxidationonboth BDD surfaces is controlledby diffusion. Due to the passivation of the electrode surface by the oxidation products, anodic reactivation(Eact = +2400 mV, t = 30 s) was first testedto regenerate the O-BDD surface during DA and 5-HT measurements. There was no continuous decrease in DA peak currents on O-BDD and the measuredsignals were characterizedby high repeatabilityin all studiedmedia (sr (Ip) 1.1% in PB of pH 7.0, 1.7% in NB of pH 7.34, 0.9% in NB with phenol red of pH 7.48). In the case of 5-HT, the anodic reactivation was...
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Cell cycle of astaxanthin producing green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, culture media and cultivation conditions
Vávrová, Karolína ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Pichrtová, Martina (referee)
Haematococcus pluvialis is unicellular green alga (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales), which can be found in ephemeral rock pools and birdbaths. It is the best natural producer of strong antioxidant astaxanthin, red secondary carotenoid used as coloring agent in aquaculture and poultry breeding. Astaxanthin also has various positive effects on human health. Haematococcus pluvialis has quite complex life cycle consisting of four life stages, biflagellated zoospores, non- motile round palmella stage, thick-walled akinetes (aplanospores, cysts) with high content of astaxanthin and small biflagellated gametes. Akinetes, which enable H. pluvialis to survive desiccation in its natural habitat, are formed in response to stress conditions such as high irradiance and temperature and nutrient depletion. Cells undergo dramatic ultrastructural changes during aplanospore formation. Chloroplast volume is decreased, synthesis of high amount of astaxanthin and fatty acids results in presence of lipid droplets that spread from the center to the periphery of the cell and thick cell wall containing algaenans is formed. Cultivation of H. pluvialis is often performed in two subsequent stages, green stage focused on biomass production and red stage focused on astaxanthin accumulation under stress conditions. There are...
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Induction of sporulation and sexual state formation in Ascomycota (Fungi)
Dudová, Zuzana ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, David (referee)
The aim of this study was to summarize factors that induce sporulation of anamorph and fruiting body formation in ascomycetous fungi. These factors are, depending on a species, light, water, air and nutrients availability, presence of various chemical compounds and osmolarity. Specific media and cultivation conditions used for sporulation induction are reviewed. I concentrated on mating type (MAT) genes and genes involved in the process of conidiation in the chapter about genetic background of fructification and sporulation. Key words: sporulation, fruiting body formation, MAT genes, mating factors, anamorph, teleomorph, Ascomycota, homothallism, heterothallism.
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Floricultural utilization of Dionaea muscipula and its in vitro culture
Danko, Jiří ; Augustinová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
This work focuses on the proper foundation of the Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ell.) culture under in vitro conditions. The hypothesis of this paper is that the solution of Savo containing sodium hypochlorite will be able to sterilize effectively seeds of Flytrap without damaging them at certain concentrations.
This experiment was founded in three repetitions in two locations - in the Prague Botanical Garden, where one repetition was founded, and at the Department of Horticulture at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, where two more repetitions were founded.
The seeds were treated in five solutions of Savo Original namely concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % with the addition of soaking agent Trend 90 and planted on 1/2 MS medium where plants were grown for 4 months and then transplanted on the same medium for another 4 months. Cultivation was carried out under light conditions 16 hours of light, 8 hours of dark.
During the cultivation the formation of contamination was monitored after the foundation of the culture, and also the number of germinated seeds and the number of plants with developed phyllomae. Also the qualitative appearance and the mass of plants were evaluated.
The results show that all solutions of Savo are effective enough for sterilizing seeds for in vitro culture. Influence of individual solutions on the development of germination is statistically significant at two solutions - 15 and 20% solutions of Savo. In these solutions, the development of germination is much faster than the other. On the final number of germinated seeds nor the mass of plants, these 2 solutions didn't have a statistically significant effect.
During cultivation, there were occurred some interesting phenomena - spontaneous multiplication of plants, production of polyphenols, flowering of explants, chlorosis and vitrification of tissues.
After the previous cultivation, the plants were transferred to non-sterile substrates. Variants of substrates were perlite, peat and perlite in the ratio 2:1 and pure peat. Before cultivation, substrates were treated with a fungicide Previcur Energy. High humidity was ensured during the cultivation. For these conditions the mixture of peat and perlit seems to be the most suitable because of minimum losses.
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Semiquantitative bacteriological examination of urine
VITANOVSKÁ, Alena
Urine is a liquid product of metabolism excreted through the kidneys. It refers to the overall health of the body. Urinary tract infections are the second most common disease in the population caused by various pathogens. E. coli is the most frequent pathogen. The increase in resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics is related to the high incidence of persistent infections and their treatment. The main objectives of this thesis are to introduce the bacteriological examination of urinary tract infections and mastering the art semiquantitative bacteriological examination of urine and other processes leading to the diagnosis of urinary pathogens using in the Medical Microbiology Department of Klatovská nemocnice, a.s.. Then, based on the results taken from LIS OLM to evaluate the obtained results and to compare them with the literature. The first part deals with the definition of basic concepts that are associated with urinary tract infections, and its infections and occurring pathogens. The various phases of laboratory procedure are described. In particular, analytical part of laboratory procedure which deals with theoretical description of methods of laboratory diagnostics. The procedures of identification methods, which are used in the Medical Microbiology Department of Klatovská nemocnice, a.s. are described in the methodology. That means semiquantitative examination, microscopy, various biochemical tests for pathogens identification and process for the determination of sensitivity. The research results are evaluated using simple statistics in tables and graphs. In the year 2014 8623 urine samples were examined. 6267 samples came from hospital patients. The samples from hospital patients were for the statistical evaluation. From these samples 1260 were cases of E. coli, Enterococcus 829 cases and 297 cases of Proteus. For further statistical evaluation is carried out with E. coli which determine sensitivity to nitrofurantoin such were 1030. From that 819 women and 211 men. The highest incidence of this pathogen was among women in the age group over 61 years, it were the 542 patients. For men the capture also the highest over the age of 61 years, with 166 patients. The lowest detection of E. coli in both men and women was the lowest compared to other categories of age 7-17.
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